State subsidies are referred to as any kind of support, incentive scheme, bonus or economic benefit directly or indirectly granted by the State to national producers, manufacturers, and exporters in order to both boost national industry and artificially place it on foreign markets under competitive conditions by manipulating the cutback or the savings, derived from state support, on production costs of the respective goods. The characteristics of a subsidy are the following: (a) it can be any kind of support, a bonus, an incentive, or an economic benefit; (b) it is granted by the State; (c) the State grants it directly or indirectly; (d) it must be granted to national producers, manufacturers, or exporters; (e) it basically aims at boosting and developing national industry; and (f) this boost is achieved by artificially placing national industry on foreign markets under competitive conditions.Se entiende por subsidios gubernamentales toda clase de apoyo, incentivo, prima o beneficio económico otorgado, directa o indirectamente, por el Estado a los productores, manufactureros o exportadores nacionales, a fin de impulsar la industria nacional y colocarla artificialmente en condiciones competitivas en los mercados exteriores, a través de la reducción o el ahorro artificial del costo de producción de la mercancía correspondiente derivados del apoyo gubernamental. Son elementos de un subsidio: a) apoyo, prima, estímulo o beneficio económico; b) otorgado por el Estado; c) el Estado otorga este subsidio directa o indirectamente; d) debe ser otorgado a los productores, manufactureros o exportadores nacionales; e) el objetivo básico del subsidio es impulsar y desarrollar la industria nacional; f) este impulso se logra colocando a la industria nacional artificialmente en condiciones competitivas en los mercados externos.

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso